Necessity for Liberal Edcation

Immanuel Kant, the Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare

Some Desiderata for Liberal Supertrees

Although a variety of supertree methods has been proposed, our understanding of these methods is limited. In turn, this limits the potential for biologists who seek to construct supertrees to make informed choices among the available methods. In this chapter we distinguish between supertree methods that offer a conservative synthesis of the relationships that are agreed upon or uncontradicted b...

Hale on some Arguments for the Necessity of Necessity

Hale (1999) presents an argument from McFetridge (1990) for his conclusion, and states (1999, p. 32) that there is an obvious objection. His paper aims to supplement McFetridge’s argument to meet that objection. He concludes that this establishes the necessity of necessity. Below are two independent complaints against Hale. The first is directed against McFetridge’s argument. It is independent ...

Necessity for surgical audit.

For me the word audit has two meanings. Firstly, the regular study and analysis of facts about patients directly under one's own care; secondly, a more public accounting for practices, errors, and mishaps. The distinotion is more than trivial in my specialty, for while the one may be accepted the other may be equally as strongly resisted or its purpose vitiated by the emotions it arouses. It is...

Noninterference for Intuitionist Necessity

We study indexed necessity modalities in intuitionist S4. These provide the logical foundation required by a variety of applications, such as capability-based policy languages for access control and type theories for exceptional computation. We establish noninterference properties capturing the limitations on information flow between formulas under the scope of necessity modalities with differe...